Yemen

Several ancient civilizations emerging in the Region. The Sabaeans, known for their advanced irrigation systems and the famous Marib Dam, flourished in the southern part of the country from the 8th century BCE to the 3rd century CE. Other significant ancient kingdoms include the Himyarites and the Qatabanians.

In the 7th century CE, the region came under the rule of the Islamic Caliphate. Yemen witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties, including the Umayyads, the Abbasids, and the Ziyadid dynasty. The city of Zabid, located on Yemen's western coast, became an important center of Islamic learning.

The Rasulid dynasty ruled parts of Yemen from the 13th to the 15th century. They established their capital in the city of Taiz and were known for their patronage of art, literature, and architecture. The Tahirid dynasty succeeded the Rasulids and ruled until the 16th century.

In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire gained control over Yemen, establishing the Yemen Eyalet. The Ottomans ruled until the early 20th century when the British gained influence over southern Yemen, including the port city of Aden. Aden became a key strategic location for trade and naval operations.

After years of fragmentation and regional divisions, North Yemen achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established in 1918 and later became the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962.

In the south, the British withdrew from Aden and its surrounding territories in 1967, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of South Yemen. In 1990, North and South Yemen unified to form the Republic of Yemen, with Sana'a as its capital.

In 2014, a Houthi insurgency led to a conflict involving various factions, including government forces and regional actors. This conflict escalated into a full-scale civil war and has resulted in a humanitarian crisis with widespread displacement and suffering.