Rock

The entries on this annotated, structured list of rocks all are items and blocks in Minecraft that:

A few fictitious blocks are included in this list; namely, blackstone, deepslate, end stone, glowstone, netherrack, and redstone. Their actual nature is up to the player's imagination.

List of rocks

These make up the majority of the ground where they're found.

Basalt – columnar basalt found making up the basalt delta biomes of the Nether
Bedrock – the unbreakable layer of rock that limits mining below the deepslate layer; also sandwiches the Nether; unobtainable in Survival
Deepslate – the dark gray rock that makes up the deepest mineable layer of the Overworld, below Y=0; useful for crafting
End Stone – a hard, pale yellow material that makes up all the islands of the End
Netherrack – a soft, red material that makes up most of the Nether
Sandstone – a light-colored rock found below almost any sand deposit
Stone – the gray rock that makes up the bulk of the Overworld above Y=−7
Terracotta – a stone found in colorful, exposed layers in the mesa; craftable by cooking clay in a furnace

These generate as part of world decorators. Decorators are a kind of terrain feature. Ores and other ore blobs are decorators.

Basalt – columnar basalt found in the basalt pillars, basalt columns and deltas of the Nether
Bedrock – forms end gateways and the exit portal of the End
Blackstone – black rock that can be found in deltas of the Nether
Cobblestone – mossy variety forms the forest rocks of old growth taigas
Dripstone – found in dripstone clusters; useful for generating water or lava
End stone – forms small islands in the End
Glowstone – exclusively found in glowstone blobs in the Nether
Granite – makes up the body of copper ore veins
Obsidian – a hard rock that makes up the obsidian pillars and obsidian platform of the End
Sandstone – forms desert wells
Smooth Basalt – encases amethyst geodes, where it's associated with calcite and amethyst
Tuff – makes up the body of iron ore veins

Andesite – a light-colored rock found in solitary underground blobs
Blackstone – a material only found in large blobs in the Nether's basalt deltas; useful for crafting
Deepslate – a dark gray rock sometimes found in blobs close to the deepslate layer
Diorite – a light-colored rock, similar in color to andesite but coarser-looking; found in solitary underground blobs
Granite – a pinkish rock found in solitary underground blobs
Tuff – a brownish rock commonly found in solitary underground blobs within the deepslate layer
Calcite - a white rock that decorates mountains in blobs

Coal Ore – a source of coal, a rock used for torches and furnace fuel; found in greatest abundance near the surface
Copper Ore – a source of copper, used to make lightning rods and spyglasses; sometimes found in enormous ore veins
Diamond Ore – a rare ore found deep underground; a source of diamonds to make durable weapons, tools, and armor
Emerald Ore – the rarest of all ores, yielding emeralds used for currency when trading with villagers and wandering traders; only found in mountains
Gold Ore – a source of gold, used to craft tools, weapons, armor, golden carrots, and golden apples; also valuable to piglins
Iron Ore – a much-desired source of iron, which has many uses; sometimes found in enormous ore veins
Lapis Lazuli Ore – the lapis lazuli from this ore is a rich blue rock useful in enchanting and as a dye; found close to and within the deepslate layer
Redstone Ore – a source of redstone dust, a material that can carry signals and activate moving parts; found in the deepest depths of the underground

Coal and Lapis Lazuli are rocks in their own right.

These rocks can be found in structures.

Basalt – columnar basalt found in the bastion remnants of the Nether; It also generates around amethyst geodes in its smooth form
Blackstone – black rock that can found in bastion remnants in the Nether
Cobblestone – generates in a variety of structures, including villages and jungle temples
Netherrack – generates in ruined portals and bastion remnants
Obsidian – a hard rock that can be found in ruined portals
Sandstone – generates in desert pyramids and in desert villages
Calcite - a white rock found around amethyst geodes

Cobblestone – a block of cobbles that drops from mining stone; found naturally where flowing water meets flowing lava; widely used in crafting
Flint – a rock that drops from gravel; useful in crafting arrows and starting fires
Obsidian – a hard black blast-proof rock found where lava is flash-cooled by water; useful for crafting enchanting tables, ender chests and beacons, traveling to the Nether and summoning dragons