Gender

Gender was a sense of identity, relating to whether one was male, female, masculine, feminine, or anywhere along a diverse spectrum of gender identities. (PROSE: Island of Death ^[+]Barry Letts, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2005).) It was a matter of self-designation, (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).) with several individuals explaining that it was a social construct. (AUDIO: The Boundless Sea ^[+]Jenny Colgan, The Diary of River Song: Series One (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2015)., COMIC: A Little Help from My Friends ^[+]Jody Houser, Doctor Who: The Thirteenth Doctor (Titan Comics, 2020).) Gender was a fluid concept, varying from person to person, culture to culture, and species to species. (COMIC: Ophiuchus ^[+]Richard Dinnick, The Many Lives of Doctor Who (Titan Publishing Group, 2018).)

As the Fifth Doctor explained:

Gender is a very fluid concept, Nyssa. For some people, more than others. A Time Lord even more so.The Fifth Doctor, explaining gender's fluidity ^[src]

The Thirteenth Doctor had similar thoughts, once telling her companions that biological sex was entirely "flexible among [her] people", while gender was merely a social construct. (COMIC: A Little Help from My Friends ^[+]Jody Houser, Doctor Who: The Thirteenth Doctor (Titan Comics, 2020).)

Amy Pond had met species with only one gender, or three, or, in one case, seventy-two. (PROSE: Borrowed Time ^[+]Naomi A. Alderman, BBC New Series Adventures (BBC Books, 2011).) The Oblongooni had thirteen genders. (PROSE: Dry Pilgrimage ^[+]Paul Leonard and Nick Walters, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1998).) One species switched gender every two minutes. (AUDIO: Summer of Love ^[+]Simon Guerrier, Bernice Summerfield: Single Releases (Big Finish Productions, 2006).) Among some species, like the Makemono, there was no such thing as gender, (PROSE: Chicken Fried Banana Republic ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) and many aliens were of indeterminate gender to Bernice Summerfield. (PROSE: Happy Endings ^[+]Paul Cornell, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) Robots in the Haven had no concept of gender, (AUDIO: The Cannibalists ^[+]Jonathan Morris, Eighth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2009).) nor did the Sontarans, a clone race, with Linx calling the human gender binary an "inefficient system" and advising humanity to "change it", (TV: The Time Warrior ^[+]Robert Holmes, Doctor Who season 11 (BBC1, 1973-1974).) and Strax frequently confusing males and females. (TV: The Snowmen ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2012 (BBC One, 2012)., et al.)

Torcaldians, who did not "specialise in one or the other", in terms of producing offspring, paid little mind to gender or its assignment. For instance, Freltese was mother of Ecsilo, and father of Jeyi. Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright tried desperately to determine the genders of their kind, according to beards and signs of pregnancy, but found no luck, and the First Doctor urged them to "cast aside these preconceptions". (PROSE: The Ruins of Time ^[+]Philip Purser-Hallard, Short Trips: Time Signature (Short Trips, 2006).)

The Ashtallans, a self-repairing amoeba-like species that did not experience death, pain or reproduction, had no concepts analogous to gender. When Ian and Barbara explained human gender and sexuality to Brenna, they found it all "unnecessarily complicated". The Ashtallans used universal singular they pronouns for one another. (AUDIO: The Invention of Death ^[+]John Dorney, The First Doctor Adventures: Volume Two (The First Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2018).)

Illixtrians had more than one gender, and segregated their genders in the workforce. (PROSE: The Great Escapes ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Gender roles could be restrictive, (PROSE: Erasing Sherlock ^[+]Kelly Hale, Faction Paradox novels (Mad Norwegian Press, 2006).') and, along with sexual preference, might dictate one's fashion choices. (PROSE: This Town Will Never Let Us Go ^[+]Lawrence Miles, Faction Paradox (Mad Norwegian Press, 2003).) In some time periods, gender severely limited one's clothing options. (TV: The Crusade ^[+]David Whitaker, Doctor Who season 2 (BBC1, 1965).) According to the Fifth Doctor, times when gender could dictate what one could or could not do were always "unsophisticated times". (PROSE: The Immortals ^[+]Simon Guerrier, Short Trips: Past Tense (Short Trips, 2004).)

Among humans, gender was not always a fixed trait. For instance, Cassandra O'Brien.Δ17 said she was once a "little boy" on Earth. (TV: The End of the World ^[+]Russell T Davies, Doctor Who series 1 (BBC One, 2005).) While gender was commonly assigned at birth, (TV: Day of the Moon ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011)., Father's Day ^[+]Paul Cornell, Doctor Who series 1 (BBC One, 2005).) trans people, such as Mickey Smith's friend Sally Salter, (PROSE: Rose ^[+]Russell T Davies, adapted from Rose (Russell T Davies), Target novelisations (Target Books, 2018).) or Eleanor Blake, later realised they had always been a different gender, after all. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Indeed, as the Tenth Doctor affirmed, it was up to the individual to determine their own gender. (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).)

Eleanor faced violence and discrimination on 20th century Earth on account of her gender, but as the centuries went on, trans people gained rights, and were able to live their lives more openly, without fear of condemnation. In the 30th century, home to Chris Cwej, people had no reason to care about such things. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Similarly, the Tenth Doctor understood that the Chevalier d'Eon could decide on her own gender, calling gender assignment an "archaic concept", and opting to respect the Chevalier's current pronouns. (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).)

Physical characteristics could also affect how one was brought up. Charles "Chick" Peters was born with both an X and a Y chromosome like most men, but his body did not respond to the hormones like it normally would have. He was brought up as a girl by his parents, and came to realise his true identity at the age of fifteen. Chick did not have a womb. He dated women, and "never had any complaints" about his "female" body. Chick identified as a man, and did not consider himself a lesbian. (PROSE: Blue Box ^[+]Kate Orman, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2003).)

Followers of the Unknown Ancestor revered individuals with ambivalent or multiple gender. As a result, Keth Marrane was accepted as completely androgynous, "male or female as the circumstances may warrant", and given complete access to their segregated society. (PROSE: A Hundred Words from a Civil War ^[+]Philip Purser-Hallard, et al., A Romance in Twelve Parts (Faction Paradox, Obverse Books, 2011).)

Time Lords and gender

Thirteen Regeneration - The Many Lives of Doctor Who

The Tenth Doctor told Rose Tyler that the Time Lords considered concepts like gender to be archaic. (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).) With regeneration in play, gender could change from one incarnation to another, (PROSE: Interference - Book Two ^[+]Lawrence Miles, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1999)., TV: The Doctor's Wife ^[+]Neil Gaiman, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011)., Dark Water ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014)., Hell Bent ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 9 (BBC One, 2015)., Twice Upon a Time ^[+]Doctor Who Christmas Special 2017 (BBC One, 2017)., Demons of the Punjab ^[+]Vinay Patel, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018).) which Missy thought was "not really a big change". (AUDIO: The Bekdel Test ^[+]Jonathan Morris, The Diary of River Song: Series Five (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2019).) As a result, the Fifth Doctor explained, gender was quite fluid in their society. (COMIC: Ophiuchus ^[+]Richard Dinnick, The Many Lives of Doctor Who (Titan Publishing Group, 2018).)

Missy explained that her core identity had remained in all her incarnations as the Master, though the particulars would change in each life. In her case, she told River Song that changing gender in her latest incarnation did not feel like much of a change. (AUDIO: The Bekdel Test ^[+]Jonathan Morris, The Diary of River Song: Series Five (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

The Doctor had their own relationship with gender, which they explored when the subject came up. The Thirteenth Doctor said she was "not [a] man or woman in the way you understand it", (PROSE: The Good Doctor ^[+]Juno Dawson, BBC New Series Adventures (BBC Books, 2018).) and the Eighth Doctor firmly denied ever having been a man or a woman. (PROSE: Interference - Book One ^[+]Lawrence Miles, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1999)., Beltempest ^[+]Jim Mortimore, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1998).)

Time Lords could be considered men, women, and "those of indeterminate gender", (PROSE: Happy Endings ^[+]Paul Cornell, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) and used "he, she or they" personal pronouns. (AUDIO: Beyond ^[+]David Llewellyn, Time War: Volume Four (Gallifrey: Time War, Big Finish Productions, 2021).) Their concept of gender was distinct from biological sex, which was itself equally "flexible" among Time Lords. (COMIC: A Little Help from My Friends ^[+]Jody Houser, Doctor Who: The Thirteenth Doctor (Titan Comics, 2020).)

According to Clive Finch's research, some incarnations of the Doctor were "in-between [binary genders] or neither". (PROSE: Rose ^[+]Russell T Davies, adapted from Rose (Russell T Davies), Target novelisations (Target Books, 2018).)

Echoing the Tenth Doctor's assertion, (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).) the Twelfth Doctor claimed to Bill Potts that the "most civilised civilisation in the universe" was billions of years beyond petty human obsession with gender and its associated stereotypes. However, she pointed out that they still called themselves Time Lords. (TV: World Enough and Time ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 10 (BBC One, 2017).) Although "Time Lady" was also used, Missy considered the term "old-fashioned". (TV: Dark Water ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).)

Later, while pretending to be the Doctor, Missy referred to Nardole and Bill as "Exposition and Comic Relief". When Nardole retorted that they weren't functions, she responded "Darling, those were genders." (TV: World Enough and Time ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 10 (BBC One, 2017).)

Gender among the Ulk-Ra

Because female Ulk-Ra were expected to be rationalists, as well as decision-makers and battle strategists, poetry was restricted to males who made it to old age.

As a coming-of-age ritual, young Ulk-Ra boys would be sent into the forest to kill a beast and return wearing its pelt. Those who succeeded were allowed to remain male, and grow into warriors, whereas those who failed had their genitals removed, and were forced to eat Issu-mul berries until they developed female characteristics, to become thinkers in their tribe. Youngsters of their species could also be induced to become males, out of necessity.

Males who survived this tradition were expected to be strong, territorial, and ambivalent toward pain. They were suited for war, and had their own gods. An Ulk-Ra tribe without males was vulnerable to other tribes. Ossu-male ate Issu-mul berries in order to "think hard", to find his tribe. Before becoming Ossu-female, hir was Ossu-hir, "not male or female, not suited for war or thought, or for land or sea". This is the state in which Ossu died, burning at sea. (PROSE: War Crimes ^[+]Simon Bucher-Jones, Short Trips (Short Trips short stories, 1998).)

History

Gender roles varied greatly across cultures and time periods.

Gender roles on Earth

In the Tribe of Gum, on Earth circa 100,000 BC, "strong leaders" were exclusively young men, who held the power to make decisions, "not old men and women". Women were not listened to. Hur was seen as a prized possession, owed to the leader of the tribe, and as his mate, she was willing to give herself to him. (TV: An Unearthly Child ^[+]Anthony Coburn, adapted from The Pilot Episode (Anthony Coburn), Doctor Who season 1 (BBC tv, 1963).)

By contrast, Nefertiti, an Egyptian queen from 1334 BC, refused to be seen as a possession by Solomon, a 24th century pirate. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012).) Earlier, Hatshepsut, Egyptian Pharaoh in the 18th Dynasty, (PROSE: Wardenclyffe ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) wore a false beard, and was addressed as King. (AUDIO: The Eye of Horus ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Antiquity

In Rome, women were said to have "weak minds". Many, like Marcia, wished that men would recognise their skills, imaginations and intelligence. Though women in many ways lacked autonomy in the Roman Empire, the wife of a wealthy merchant, for instance, might have a great deal of power within the household, at least over slaves. However, women in Rome could only exercise influence in the public sector by persuading their husbands to carry out their wishes. A lady's status, as well, simply reflected that of their husband.

Some cults, temples and ceremonies across Rome were gender-specific, including the cult of the Bona Dea (PROSE: Sarah Jane and the Temple of Eyes ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) and the Sibylline Sisterhood, (TV: The Fires of Pompeii ^[+]James Moran, Doctor Who series 4 (BBC One, 2008).) which were exclusive to women. As contemporary historical records were all written by men, however, very little information on the lives of women away from menfolk survived into Sarah Jane Smith's time. (PROSE: Sarah Jane and the Temple of Eyes ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Indeed, according to the Fifth Doctor, women in ancient Rome "[didn't] really have first names at all". Sisters were all given the same personal name, while men were afforded a greater variety of names. (AUDIO: Tartarus ^[+]David Llewellyn, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

In the 1st century AD, Boudica was the Celtic queen of the Britons. She inherited half of Prasutagus' kingdom after his death. She fought many battles, and took no prisoners. Though Boudica was obeyed without question, Bragnar, a cook, was considered lesser for being a girl. In 60, Boudica marched with her army of thousands to Camulodunum and Londinium, slaughtering everyone to avenge her people following the actions of Rome. (AUDIO: The Wrath of the Iceni ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Middle Ages

In the feasts of Saxon England, women were not allowed to eat until after the men had finished. (COMIC: Woden's Warriors ^[+]TV Comic special comic stories (1976).)

By the 13th century, English culture dictated that women ought to be subservient to men. According to Irongron their purpose was "to do the lowly work". Sarah Jane Smith, travelling from the 20th century, questioned the notion that men "owned the world", and told Meg they were being worked like slaves, always cooking and carrying for the men. (TV: The Time Warrior ^[+]Robert Holmes, Doctor Who season 11 (BBC1, 1973-1974).) Meg believed this was simply their place in the world, stating:

Women will never be free while there are men in the world, girl. We have our place.Meg ^[src]

Around 1190, it was not expected that "a lady" would venture out on her own. Women were also threatened when they spoke their mind on the actions of men. The First Doctor and Ian Chesterton tried to appeal to Richard I by telling him that their lost friend was a woman, demanding he take pity on her. (TV: The Crusade ^[+]David Whitaker, Doctor Who season 2 (BBC1, 1965).)

Around 1599 in England, women doctors were unheard of. Indeed, to William Shakespeare, even women actors and writers were the stuff of fantasy. Men played women's roles on stage. (TV: The Shakespeare Code ^[+]Gareth Roberts, Doctor Who series 3 (BBC One, 2007).)

17th century

According to the Thirteenth Doctor, the witch trials of the 17th century were targeted specifically at women, serving to execute those who got out of line, stood out, or made a stand. The Doctor agreed with Becka Savage that "These [were] hard times for women." In this era, it was inconceivable for a woman to hold any high office, such as Witchfinder General.

King James I believed that women had an "innate aptitude for nosiness and gossip", and were often agents of Satan. The ducking stool was invented in order to silence "foolish women who talk[ed] too much". (TV: The Witchfinders ^[+]Joy Wilkinson, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018).) Educated women, such as healers, were frequent targets in 17th century witch hunts. (AUDIO: The Witch from the Well ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.; TV: The Witchfinders ^[+]Joy Wilkinson, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018).) When the Doctor herself was accused of being a witch, she acknowledged that she would not have had to deal with this delay if, like past incarnations, she were "still a bloke."

Some of the King's motivation for encouraging these witch trials stemmed from his own feelings towards his mother, who had abandoned him. At the end of a shared adventure involving the Morax, the Thirteenth Doctor convinced King James to end the witch hunts. (TV: The Witchfinders ^[+]Joy Wilkinson, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018).) According to another account, the Twelfth Doctor helped end the witch trials. (COMIC: Witch Work ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

18th century

In the 18th century, women were said to belong to the "weaker sex". They were not seen by men as fit for leadership positions. (AUDIO: The Avenues of Possibility ^[+]Jonathan Morris, The Legacy of Time (Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson remarked that all women in France desired to be the King of France's mistress. When the King noted that Reinette wanted to see the Tenth Doctor again before her death, and spoke of him often, he said "you know how women are". (TV: The Girl in the Fireplace ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 2 (BBC One, 2006).)

19th century

Around 1852, women had "no identity of [their] own" under English law, meaning that any property of theirs, or wealth, legally belonged to their father or husband. Ada Lovelace found this had one benefit: though she suffered great losses from gambling, her debt of several thousand pounds was technically Lord King's to pay, and not her own. (AUDIO: The Enchantress of Numbers ^[+]Simon Barnard and Paul Morris, The Fourth Doctor Adventures: Series 8: Volume 1 (The Fourth Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

According to Lovelace, there was regrettably "no place for a woman in the world of science", such as it existed in the 1850s. The Fourth Doctor sadly conceded that this was unlikely to change within her lifetime. (AUDIO: The Enchantress of Numbers ^[+]Simon Barnard and Paul Morris, The Fourth Doctor Adventures: Series 8: Volume 1 (The Fourth Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Into the 1890s, women were still not given access to fellowships in the scientific community, with occasional exceptions made only in extenuating and "desperate" circumstances. Charlotte Mayfly had to release her findings under her brother Jonathan's name as well as her own in order to just get them published. Meanwhile, the pair received no funding from the Royal Observatory as a result of Charlotte's connection to their research. (AUDIO: The Ghosts of Greenwich ^[+]Paul Morris, Heritage 1 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Though some few women of repute, like Madame Vastra the "Great Detective", were greatly respected for their profession, (AUDIO: The Ghosts of Greenwich ^[+]Paul Morris, Heritage 1 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019)., The Screaming Ceiling ^[+]Guy Adams, Heritage 2 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019).) at least one worker held the opinion that allowing women in the workplace at all would lead to "no good". Jenny Flint had to disguise herself as a young man in order to gain access to a gasworks water tower during an investigation. (AUDIO: Dining with Death ^[+]Dan Starkey, Heritage 2 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Social class also played a role in the level of respect given to individual women in the 19th century. While Ada, Countess of Lovelace, wife to Lord King, was held in high esteem for her unparalleled logical and mathematical prowess — even sought after by her male peers, like Scheutz — Ann Kelso, of no title, was immediately assumed to be the Fourth Doctor's maid. Conversely, though Colonel Wildman was instantly dismissive of Ann, he treated the Doctor with respect, calling him "sir" and casually speaking of other noblemen while in his presence. (AUDIO: The Enchantress of Numbers ^[+]Simon Barnard and Paul Morris, The Fourth Doctor Adventures: Series 8: Volume 1 (The Fourth Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Among lower classes, Ada Lovelace felt that she was able to engage "shoulder-to-shoulder" with men — but the Royal Academy, she noted, was far less willing to let her stand amongst her male peers. (AUDIO: The Enchantress of Numbers ^[+]Simon Barnard and Paul Morris, The Fourth Doctor Adventures: Series 8: Volume 1 (The Fourth Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

At one point, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson became the first woman doctor in England by gaining entrance to the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. In so doing, she paved the way for an Act of Parliament allowing all women to pursue this profession. (COMIC: Nurse Who? ^[+]Richard Dinnick, The Many Lives of Doctor Who (Titan Publishing Group, 2018).)

Early 20th century

At the time of the Mexican Civil War, Arturo Villar declared simply, "Women should never think." Of Zoe Heriot, he said, "For such a little woman your mouth is too big." Zoe, who hailed from the late 21st century, considered his ideas about women "knowing their place" quite primitive. (TV: The War Games ^[+]Terrance Dicks and Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 6 (BBC1, 1969).)

Even children's toys were considered gendered in this era. Tom Braudy was taught that space LEGO was for boys only, while girls liked building hairdressers and flower shops. For this reason, he thought that girls could not be astronauts. (AUDIO: Memory Lane ^[+]Eddie Robson, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2006).)

In the 20th century, long hair was commonly, but not exclusively, associated with women. (AUDIO: Storm Warning ^[+]Alan Barnes, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).)

By the late 1900s and early 1910s, suffragettes fought hard for women's suffrage, rallying to gain the right to vote. (AUDIO: The Suffering ^[+]Jacqueline Rayner, The Companion Chronicles (Big Finish Productions, 2010)., PROSE: Human Nature ^[+]Paul Cornell, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1995)., Birthright ^[+]Nigel Robinson, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They were led by Emmeline Pankhurst, (PROSE: Birthright ^[+]Nigel Robinson, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993)., Forgotten ^[+]Joseph Lidster, Short Trips: The Centenarian (Short Trips short stories, 2006)., Casualties of War ^[+]Steve Emmerson, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2000).) who held regular meetings, (PROSE: Forgotten ^[+]Joseph Lidster, Short Trips: The Centenarian (Short Trips short stories, 2006).) and had gained the attention of the British Prime Minister by 1909. (PROSE: Birthright ^[+]Nigel Robinson, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They were more active in London than on the English countryside. (TV: Human Nature ^[+]Paul Cornell, adapted from Human Nature (Paul Cornell), Doctor Who series 3 (BBC One, 2007).)

Women had a greater role in British society during World War I, as the men were away at war. Around the end of the Great War, women finally gained the right to vote. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Some women, like Molly O'Sullivan, also took part in the war effort, taking care of the battle-scarred male soldiers. (AUDIO: The Great War ^[+]Nicholas Briggs, Dark Eyes (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Dark Eyes, Big Finish Productions, 2012).)

Around this time, the notion arrived that a woman could "make her own way in the world", without a husband. (TV: The Unicorn and the Wasp ^[+]Gareth Roberts, Doctor Who series 4 (BBC One, 2008).)

Nevertheless, in 1924, many men thought women should not participate in academia; those women who did were thought to be "such bluestockings". (AUDIO: The Boundless Sea ^[+]Jenny Colgan, The Diary of River Song: Series One (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2015).) 1926 saw no women in the police force, either. (TV: The Unicorn and the Wasp ^[+]Gareth Roberts, Doctor Who series 4 (BBC One, 2008).) Reginald Bassett would not speak of ghastly things around a "lady". (AUDIO: The Auntie Matter ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

In the field of archaeology, it was considered inappropriate for a woman to enter a newly discovered historical site before any men. This was "no job for a girl". When Colonel Lifford had no choice but to ask Daphne Garsington to enter a Surene tomb first, to set up lighting, he made sure to clarify, "Of course, it's just the outer chamber. Leave the inner rooms to the chaps, huh? Don't want you getting lost down there." Nevertheless, she was delighted at the opportunity, and declared that she was doing it "for women". (AUDIO: The Boundless Sea ^[+]Jenny Colgan, The Diary of River Song: Series One (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2015).)

In 1930, Charlotte Pollard had to disguise herself as a man, specifically Murchford, in order to get herself onboard the R101. Charley hid her period long hair inside a cap as part of her disguise. She was the only human woman present. (AUDIO: Storm Warning ^[+]Alan Barnes, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).)

Women did not fight in the Royal Air Force during World War II, (AUDIO: The Renaissance Man ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) though Diane Holmes ferried planes. (TV: Out of Time ^[+]Catherine Tregenna, Torchwood series 1 (BBC Three, 2006).) Others aided the British Army in the 1940s as code-breakers. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW., PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy ^[+]David Bishop, Virgin Books (1996)., TV: Captain Jack Harkness ^[+]Catherine Tregenna, Torchwood series 1 (BBC Three, 2007).) While Rachel Jensen found success in Alan Turing's Cambridge Group at Bletchley Park, (PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy ^[+]David Bishop, Virgin Books (1996).) Eleanor Grainger could only find work at Bletchley as a "glorified typist". (PROSE: Ancient Whispers ^[+]Brian Willis, Short Trips: The Centenarian (Short Trips short stories, 2006).)

20th century Earth was particularly hostile to trans people, like Eleanor Blake. Eleanor chose to keep her birth-assigned gender a closely guarded secret. She was scared of others finding out. Despite others' non-acceptance, Eleanor was fully aware that she had "always been Eleanor". Arbuckle responded with violence when he found out, and also refused to refer to Eleanor by her name or pronouns, even opting for "young man" to rile her up.

However, Chris Cwej, hailing from the 30th century, had no such prejudice. He instilled a new confidence in Eleanor, through his own perspective of the universe. During their efforts against the Jabari, Chris and Eleanor developed a romantic bond, and he defended her against Arbuckle. When the adventure was over, having gained a clearer understanding of who she was, Eleanor asked the Seventh Doctor if people like her would be able to live freely and openly within her lifetime. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) He responded:

Earth takes its time on too many things, and [trans rights] is one of them. Not in this century, I'm afraid. Though the next one is... a little better.Seventh Doctor ^[src]

Eleanor opted to travel in space with Alpha Wheeler, rather than return to her ordinary world, so that she might live truthfully without fear of consequence. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Mid-20th century

Diane Holmes reflected that, once the war was over, women "were supposed to revert to being dutiful wives and daughters. Diane, however, continued as a pilot, having developed a taste for flying, adding that "no pig-headed man [told her] what to do." (TV: Out of Time ^[+]Catherine Tregenna, Torchwood series 1 (BBC Three, 2006).)

In 1950s England, housework was considered exclusively a women's job, at least by Eddie Connolly. (TV: The Idiot's Lantern ^[+]Mark Gatiss, Doctor Who series 2 (BBC One, 2006).) By contrast, the use of weaponry was seen as only men's domain. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012).)

In 1960s England, men were expected to do the heavy lifting, rather than "let the women do the job for [them]". (TV: "The Forest of Fear")

Women were often kept out of the action, in relative safety. Victoria Waterfield wanted to join the men, but the Second Doctor convinced her that she was far more valuable away from the danger. (TV: The Tomb of the Cybermen ^[+]Kit Pedler and Gerry Davis, Doctor Who season 5 (BBC1, 1967).)

Helen Sinclair's father believed that only men were important in the world. Helen was determined to prove him wrong, especially as he mistreated her and her mother. (AUDIO: Absent Friends ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

One professor in 1963 held that women were not suited to serious academic study, as "they tend[ed] towards emotionalism" and lacked the necessary "temperament". He promoted a far less skilled employee at the British Museum, Timothy, over Helen Sinclair. (AUDIO: The Red Lady ^[+]John Dorney, Doom Coalition 1 (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Doom Coalition, Big Finish Productions, 2015).)

According to Helen, there were not an abundance of opportunities in 1960s London for one who was "educated, ambitious and female". She joked that she often wished to be a 55-year-old man named Kenneth. (AUDIO: The Satanic Mill ^[+]Edward Collier, Doom Coalition 1 (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Doom Coalition, Big Finish Productions, 2015).)

She felt that in this time period, privileged, powerful men were always bossing her around. In her travels across time and space, Helen was sometimes disappointed to find things were no different elsewhere. (AUDIO: World of Damnation ^[+]Matt Fitton, Ravenous 1 (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Ravenous, Big Finish Productions, 2018).) She left her world to travel with Liv and the Eighth Doctor because she felt the 20th century had no place for a woman like her, and in part to evade the authorities. (AUDIO: The Red Lady ^[+]John Dorney, Doom Coalition 1 (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Doom Coalition, Big Finish Productions, 2015)., The Satanic Mill ^[+]Edward Collier, Doom Coalition 1 (The Eighth Doctor Adventures: Doom Coalition, Big Finish Productions, 2015).)

Dr Kurdi spent her whole medical career being dismissed by her colleagues due to her gender and skin colour. (AUDIO: The Rise of the New Humans ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Women's liberation movement

Main article: Feminism

By the 1970s, (TV: The Invasion ^[+]Derrick Sherwin, Doctor Who season 6 (BBC1, 1968).) women's lib began taking traction on Earth. As Sarah Jane put it, this was the position, among women, that men had no right to push them around. (TV: The Monster of Peladon ^[+]Brian Hayles, Doctor Who season 11 (BBC1, 1974).)

It was still remarkable when women were placed in positions of authority. (AUDIO: The Scream of Ghosts ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Indeed, men were reluctant to select a woman for a research position, even when she was the obvious candidate. (AUDIO: Primord ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

In 1975 (AUDIO: Last of the Cybermen ^[+]Alan Barnes, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2015).) or around 1979, Isobel Watkins objected to Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart's assertion that photographing Cybermen was "no job for a [woman]". Jamie McCrimmon agreed with the idea that men were inherently superior. Zoe Heriot and Isobel were outraged by both their "bigoted, anti-feminist remarks". (TV: The Invasion ^[+]Derrick Sherwin, Doctor Who season 6 (BBC1, 1968).)

When she found out that the Brigadier gave instructions for her not to see a dead body in a hospital morgue, as such things were not fit for a young woman's eyes, Jo Grant called him a chauvinist and gained a new resolve to join the Third Doctor in his investigation. (AUDIO: The Rise of the New Humans ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Dr Ruth Ingram believed that both the Master's dictatorial manner and his courtesy came from "a bland assumption of male superiority". (TV: The Time Monster ^[+]Robert Sloman, Doctor Who season 9 (BBC1, 1972).)

Peri Brown, from 1984, (AUDIO: The Reaping ^[+]Joseph Lidster, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2006).) called the Sixth Doctor a chauvinist for blaming his misadventures on the TARDIS herself. (AUDIO: The Song of Megaptera ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to journey into outer space in the 1960s. (AUDIO: 1963: The Space Race ^[+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2013)., Thin Ice ^[+]Marc Platt, adapted from Ice Time, The Lost Stories (Big Finish Productions, 2011).) Eileen Collins and Pamela Ann Melroy joined this list of female astronauts to have reached the stars by the end of the century, still among a small number. (AUDIO: Memory Lane ^[+]Eddie Robson, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2006).)

21st century

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According to the Seventh Doctor, the 21st century was "a little better" than the last century, in terms of transgender rights. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) In the 2000s, Sally Salter found herself having to cut ties with her family in order to begin living life as herself. She found affirmation with her friends and bandmates, however, and a safe space in which to sleep at Mickey Smith's one-bedroom flat. (PROSE: Rose ^[+]Russell T Davies, adapted from Rose (Russell T Davies), Target novelisations (Target Books, 2018).)

By this time, women could be doctors, (TV: Smith and Jones ^[+]Russell T Davies, Doctor Who series 3 (BBC One, 2007).) political candidates, (TV: Boom Town ^[+]Russell T Davies, Doctor Who series 1 (BBC One, 2005)., The Christmas Invasion ^[+]Russell T Davies, Doctor Who Christmas special (BBC One, 2005).) police officers (TV: Everything Changes ^[+]Russell T Davies, Torchwood series 1 (BBC Three, 2006)., The Woman Who Fell to Earth ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, BBCA, Space and Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2018).) and homeowners of their own right. (TV: The Eleventh Hour ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) Indeed, "a woman [could] do what she like[d]", (TV: The Shakespeare Code ^[+]Gareth Roberts, Doctor Who series 3 (BBC One, 2007).) and in some respects, had something like "equal rights" to men. (TV: To the Last Man ^[+]Helen Raynor, Torchwood series 2 (BBC Two, 2008).)

Nevertheless, sexism was an ongoing issue, (TV: Smile ^[+]Frank Cottrell-Boyce, Doctor Who series 10 (BBC One, 2017).) and many sentiments from the 20th century carried through to the new millennium. (AUDIO: Golden Age ^[+]James Goss, BBC Torchwood Audio Drama (2009).) Clara Oswald asked the Eleventh Doctor if he had shut the TARDIS down to basic while she piloted because she was a girl. (TV: Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS ^[+]Steve Thompson, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013).) As late as 2065, when the Space War broke out between the solar system and the Astran Empire, it was "all male adults" who were mobilised, (PROSE: Battle in Space ^[+]TV Century 21 short stories (City Magazines, 1965).) although other accounts showed that by that year, women, such as Venus, did indeed exist within Earth's military space fleets. (COMIC: Power Play ^[+]unclear authorship, The Daleks comics (City Magazines, 1965)., Space Border Battle ^[+]Alan Fennell, TV21 Fireball XL5 crossover comics (City Magazines, 1965)., etc.)

Brands like Wolverine used ideas of masculinity to sell their products. (TV: Revenge of the Slitheen ^[+]Gareth Roberts, The Sarah Jane Adventures series 1 (BBC One and CBBC, 2007).)

The idea of gendered clothing still existed in 2079. (TV: The Wheel in Space ^[+]David Whitaker, Doctor Who season 5 (BBC1, 1968).)

Beyond the 21st century

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In 2600, Irving Braxiatel and Dominic Troy understood that Bernice Summerfield was no less a woman while inhabiting Troy's body. Braxiatel referred to both Benny and Avril Fenman as "ladies". (PROSE: The Squire's Crystal ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

30th century culture did not make a fuss about assigned genders. Chris Cwej, who was from this century, was unwavered when he found out that Eleanor Blake was a trans woman, facing violence and discrimination in the 20th century. He explained to her that "it seems a bit stupid to care about little stuff like that", considering the breadth of the universe, and all the dangers and variety to be found therein. (AUDIO: The Jabari Countdown ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Roz Forrester, similarly, from the same time period, had trouble understanding the racism and sexism she encountered in 1919 Paris, as such attitudes did not make it into the 30th century. (PROSE: Toy Soldiers ^[+]Paul Leonard, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1995).)

51st century culture was very flexible around sexuality, (TV: The Doctor Dances ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 1 (BBC One, 2005).) and, by extension, those "quaint little categories" which mattered in the early 21st. (TV: Day One ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Torchwood series 1 (BBC Three, 2006).) Jack Harkness had no trouble adjusting to using they/them personal pronouns for Orr, a Torchwood Three recruit with no fixed gender. Other members of Jack's team, native to 21st century Earth, took longer before they no longer stumbled. (AUDIO: Orr ^[+]Juno Dawson, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017)., Superiority Complex ^[+]AK Benedict, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017).)

Gender roles on other planets

As Jo Grant encountered in her work with the Third Doctor, beings from other worlds were sometimes men, sometimes women, and sometimes neither. (AUDIO: The Hidden Realm ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) As on Earth, ideas and structures around gender varied from culture to culture.

For instance, systems of power could favour one gender over another. On Peladon, at the time Sarah Jane Smith visited, the ruler was always a man. Thalira was crowned Queen only because her father had no son, and even so it was mostly in title. Chancellor Ortron held the "real power". With encouragement from Sarah Jane, Thalira began to assert herself as ruler. (TV: The Monster of Peladon ^[+]Brian Hayles, Doctor Who season 11 (BBC1, 1974).)

Adric, from a parallel 32nd century Alzarius, also differentiated between girls and women, and thought women were all "mindless, impatient and bossy". Nyssa called him a chauvinist for holding this position. (TV: Four to Doomsday ^[+]Terence Dudley, Doctor Who season 19 (BBC1, 1982).)

On Necros, women's legs were to be covered at all times. Peri Brown, from 1980s Baltimore, thought this was "positively feudal". (TV: Revelation of the Daleks ^[+]Eric Saward, Doctor Who season 22 (BBC1, 1985).)

Formidians had a rigidly matriarchal culture, with even hiveless females outranking male drones in a Lyparian hive. They were led by a queen, and believed that males were not fit for combat. (AUDIO: Time in a Bottle ^[+]Emma Reeves and Matt Fitton, The Diary of River Song: Series Four (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2018).)

On Terra Alpha, a pair of male roof-top snipers complained that women always got the better jobs, and the better guns. (TV: The Happiness Patrol ^[+]Graeme Curry, Doctor Who season 25 (BBC1, 1988).)

Vilhol, of the Tenth Sontaran Battle Fleet from Sontar, believed that Leela, as a "human female", belonged to the "lesser gender" of a "lesser species", and would not accept help from her. (AUDIO: The King of Sontar ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Staal, also of the Tenth Sontaran Battle Front, claimed that "words [were] the weapon of womenfolk" when he received verbal insults from Private Harris, judging him an unfit soldier. (TV: The Sontaran Stratagem ^[+]Helen Raynor, Doctor Who series 4 (BBC One, 2008).)

Other Sontarans had no concept of gender, and either believed human women to be a separate species to men, (TV: The Time Warrior ^[+]Robert Holmes, Doctor Who season 11 (BBC1, 1973-1974).) or could not effectively distinguish humans based on apparent gender. (TV: The Snowmen ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2012 (BBC One, 2012)., et al.) The Eleventh Doctor explained that "two genders are a bit further than [a Sontaran clone] can count", referring to Strax. (TV: The Snowmen ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2012 (BBC One, 2012).) Indeed, Strax once mistook Henry Gordon Jago and Professor Litefoot for Madame Vastra and Jenny Flint, (AUDIO: The Haunting ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) and believed "Madame" was a rank. (PROSE: Silhouette ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Names

Human names were often considered to be gendered, but some names, like Charley, Kim (AUDIO: Memory Lane ^[+]Eddie Robson, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2006).) or Alex, were perfectly neutral. (AUDIO: The Havoc of Empires ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Though surnames could be passed on through marriage, (TV: Something Borrowed ^[+]Phil Ford, Torchwood series 2 (BBC Three, 2008).) the Fourth Doctor believed it was unusual for a husband to take on his wife's name. (AUDIO: The Crooked Man ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Despite objections, the Eleventh Doctor preferred to think of Amy Pond's husband as "the new Mr Pond", (TV: The Big Bang ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010). The Almost People ^[+]Matthew Graham, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011).) and decided that their daughter would be Melody Pond, rather than Williams. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011).) Some opted to join their names together, as did William Stewart and Mary Lethbridge in 1603, becoming Lethbridge-Stewart. (PROSE: The Daughters of Earth ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Titles

Some titles, like "Miss" (PROSE: Silhouette ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) "Mrs", (AUDIO: Five Twenty-Nine ^[+]John Dorney, The Diary of River Song: Series Two (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2016).) or "Madam", (TV: The Woman Who Fell to Earth ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, BBCA, Space and Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2018).) were strictly gendered, while others, like "Mx", (AUDIO: Superiority Complex ^[+]AK Benedict, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017)., The Web of Time ^[+]John Dorney, The Diary of River Song: Series Six (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2019).) or academic titles like "Dr" and "Professor", (TV: The Husbands of River Song ^[+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2015 (BBC One, 2015)., The Green Death ^[+]Robert Sloman, Doctor Who season 10 (BBC1, 1973).) remained gender-neutral alternatives. (AUDIO: Five Twenty-Nine ^[+]John Dorney, The Diary of River Song: Series Two (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2016).)

Pronouns

When spoken of in the third person, individual women were generally referred to with she/her pronouns, while individual men generally used he/him instead. (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).) Those who did not fit neatly into either camp often used a gender-neutral alternative, like ze/hir (PROSE: Oblivion ^[+]Dave Stone, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1998)., War Crimes ^[+]Simon Bucher-Jones, Short Trips (Short Trips short stories, 1998).) or they/them. (AUDIO: Orr ^[+]Juno Dawson, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017)., The Web of Time ^[+]John Dorney, The Diary of River Song: Series Six (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2019)., et al.) Iris Wildthyme used her/him/hirm for Zelopan when he disguised himself as Iris. (PROSE: The Golden Hendecahedron ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Some people used different sets of pronouns at various points in their life, and the Tenth Doctor believed this ought to be respected. (AUDIO: The Sword of the Chevalier ^[+]Guy Adams, The Tenth Doctor Adventures (Big Finish Productions, 2017).) Some people, like Cá Bảy Màu, would use both masculine and feminine pronouns, as they were genderfluid. (PROSE: What Keeps Their Lines Alive ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

When speaking of a hypothetical Time Lord, Braxiatel offered up "he, she or they" to cover all options. (AUDIO: Beyond ^[+]David Llewellyn, Time War: Volume Four (Gallifrey: Time War, Big Finish Productions, 2021).) The Eighth Doctor used they/them pronouns to refer to the Time Lord most recently known as the Eleven, on finding out that they had regenerated into the Twelve, as he did not know their current gender. (AUDIO: Dreadshade ^[+]Lisa McMullin, The Eighth Doctor: Time War: Volume Four (The Eighth Doctor: Time War, Big Finish Productions, 2020).)

River Song once claimed that she only referred to others as "sweetie" when she did not know their name or gender. (PROSE: Picnic at Asgard ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

The Doctor

As he was often perceived as a man, (PROSE: Beltempest ^[+]Jim Mortimore, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1998).) the Eighth Doctor referred to himself as a "he, for now at least". (AUDIO: The Conscript ^[+]Matt Fitton, The Eighth Doctor: Time War: Volume One (The Eighth Doctor: Time War, Big Finish Productions, 2017).) It took the Thirteenth Doctor time to get used to she/her pronouns — and other gendered terms like madam — which were now directed at her as a result of her new appearance. (TV: The Woman Who Fell to Earth ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, BBCA, Space and Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2018)., The Ghost Monument ^[+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018)., Rosa ^[+]Malorie Blackman and Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One|BBC One]], 2018).) Both incarnations confirmed that they were neither man nor woman, despite appearances. (PROSE: Interference - Book One ^[+]Lawrence Miles, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1999)., Beltempest ^[+]Jim Mortimore, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1998)., The Good Doctor ^[+]Juno Dawson, BBC New Series Adventures (BBC Books, 2018).)

The Encyclopaedia Gallifreya, a sentient encyclopaedia aboard the TARDIS, referred to the Master using they/them pronouns around the time of the Twelfth Doctor. On consulting its styleguide following the Doctor's regeneration into a female form, it decided on they/them for the Doctor as well. Rather than revise past entries to reflect the Doctor's latest identity, it chose to employ each incarnation's respective pronouns when referring to them specifically. (PROSE: Citation Needed ^[+]Jacqueline Rayner, The Target Storybook (2019).)

When Jack Harkness referred to his Doctor using they/them pronouns, the Sixth Doctor assumed this future incarnation of his would be a woman, or at least tried to tease the information out of Jack by saying "she". Jack corrected him. (AUDIO: Piece of Mind ^[+]James Goss, The Lives of Captain Jack: Volume Two (The Lives of Captain Jack, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)

Other individuals

Orr, a psychomorph with no fixed gender, used the personal pronoun "they", (AUDIO: Orr ^[+]Juno Dawson, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017)., et al.) and the title "Mx", (AUDIO: Superiority Complex ^[+]AK Benedict, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017).) as did Mx Neon, a transtemporal museum curator. (AUDIO: The Web of Time ^[+]John Dorney, The Diary of River Song: Series Six (The Diary of River Song, Big Finish Productions, 2019).) The Ashtallans, who had never so much as encountered gender, used they/them pronouns to refer to one another. (AUDIO: The Invention of Death ^[+]John Dorney, The First Doctor Adventures: Volume Two (The First Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Productions, 2018).)

Humans from the early 21st century would often require time to learn gender-neutral language, and would tend to stumble over unfamiliar pronouns before getting used to them. (AUDIO: Orr ^[+]Juno Dawson, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017)., Superiority Complex ^[+]AK Benedict, Aliens Among Us 1 (Aliens Among Us, Big Finish Productions, 2017).) Yvonne Hartman, in part due to her personal relations skills, had no such qualms, and consistently used they/them for Orr before even first meeting them, having read the files. (AUDIO: Poker Face ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)

Bernice Summerfield decided on "hir", over gendered pronouns like "him" or "her", to refer to Sgloomi Po, a Sloathe. (PROSE: Oblivion ^[+]Dave Stone, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1998).) Ossu-hir also used this set of pronouns after eating Issu-mul berries, and transforming from Ossu-male. (PROSE: War Crimes ^[+]Simon Bucher-Jones, Short Trips (Short Trips short stories, 1998).)

Father Habemus Papem was a Balooshi monk from Baloosh Minor. Being "small strands of vegetable slime", the Balooshi had no gender and Habemus Papem was not a "him" according to the Seventh Doctor. (PROSE: Companion Piece ^[+]Robert Perry and Mike Tucker, Telos Doctor Who novellas (Telos Publishing, 2003).)

Behind the scenes

In the production notes of DWM 482, Steven Moffat suggested that River Song had been married 428 times, "one for each gender".

According to Jimmy Carr and the Dalek ^[+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW., the Daleks have no concept of gender.