Papuans are a Melanesian people from New Guinea, the second-largest island on Earth. There are 2,000,000 Papuan people in New Guinea and neighboring islands, with the majority of them living in Indonesia's West Papua province or Papua New Guinea. Papuans adhere to Protestantism, Catholicism, Animism, and Islam, with most Muslims living in West Papua. Christianity was introduced under colonial rule by the German Empire, the Netherlands, and Australia, and animism (folk religion) remains a major religion that they follow. They are related to other Melanesian people and Moluccans.